The Stages of Consumer Buying Decision Process Essay Example for Free

The Stages of Consumer Buying Decision Process Essay A buyer purchase an item or administration just because. The more prominent expense or hazard, the bigger the quantity of members and the more prominent their data gathering. New undertaking purchasing is the advertiser most prominent chance and challenge. The procedure goes through a few phases. They are: 1. Mindfulness 2. Intrigue 3. Assessment 4. Preliminary 5. Selection Frameworks Buying and Selling Numerous business purchasers want to purchase an all out answer for an issue from one dealer. Framework purchasing †The training that began with government acquisition of significant weapons and correspondence frameworks. The contractual worker who has granted the agreement would be answerable for offering out and collecting the framework subcomponents from second level temporary worker. This is the prime contractual worker gives a turnkey arrangement. Framework Contracting †A solitary provider gives the purchaser all required MRO supplies (upkeep, fix, and working supplies). During the agreement time frame, the providers dealt with the client stock. Framework selling is a key modern showcasing procedure in offering to fabricate enormous scope mechanical venture, for example, dams, steel industrial facilities, water system frameworks, pipelines utilities, and even new towns. Members in the Business Buying Process Buying operators are compelling in straight rebuy and altered rebuy circumstances though other division personel are progressively powerful in new-purchase circumstances. The Buying Center 1. Initiators Clients or others in the association who demand that something be bought 2. Clients The individuals who will utilize the item or administration. By and large, the clients start the purchasing proposition and help characterize the item prerequisite. 3. Influencers People who impact the purchasing choices, frequently by characterizing particulars and giving data to assessing choices. Specialized personel are especially significant influencers. 4. Deciders Individuals who choose item necessity or on providers 5. Approvers Individuals who approve the proposed activities of deciders or purchasers 6. Purchasers Individuals who have formal position to choose the providers and orchestrate the buy terms. Purchasers may help shape item determinations, yet they assume their significant job in choosing merchants and arranging. In increasingly complex buys, purchasers may incorporate elevated level chiefs 7. Watchmen Individuals who have the ability to keep dealer or informations from arriving at individuals from the purchasing place. For instance, buying specialists, secretary, and phone administrators may keep salespersons from reaching client or deciders. Purchasing Center Targeting To focus on their endeavors appropriately, business advertisers need to make sense of: Who are the significant choice member? What choices do they impact? What is their degree of impact? What assessment standards do they use? The business advertisers isn't probably going to know precisely what sort of gathering dynamic happen during the choice procedure, albeit whatever data he can acquire about characters and relational elements are valuable. Stages in the Buying Process 1. Issue Recognation The purchasing procedure starts when somebody in the organization perceives an issues or need that can be met by procuring a decent or administration. The recognation can be activated by interior and outer boosts. Inner upgrades may be that the organization chooses to build up another item and needs new gear and materials or a machine separates and requires new parts. Remotely, the purchaser may get new thoughts at a public exhibition, see and promotion, or get a call from an agent who offers a superior item or a lower cost. 2. General Need Description and Product Specification The purchaser decides the required item’s general qualities and required amount. The purchaser will work with others engineers, clients, to characterize qualities, for example, unwavering quality, sturdiness, or cost. Business advertisers can help by portraying how their items meet or even surpass the purchaser needs. The purchasing association currently builds up the item’s specialized detail. Frequently, the organization will dole out an item esteem examination designing group to the undertaking. Item esteem Analysis (PVA) is a way to deal with cost decrease that reviews part to decide if they can be upgraded or normalized or made by the less expensive strategies for creation. The PVA group will distinguish overdesigned segments, for example that last longer for the item itself.

Birth Mark essays

Pigmentation papers Love is an encounter that numerous individuals in todays society want in their life for some reasons. It is something that numerous individuals hold exceptionally dear to them. Numerous individuals make noteworthy penances to get the endorsement and acknowledgment from those that they love; Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstrated this in The Birth-Mark. What Georgiana did to demonstrate her adoration to Aylmer was an away from of the penances she would have made. Love and confidence issues could have been the thought processes in Georgiana expelling the skin pigmentation. These intentions could likewise be the reason ladies in todays society have comparable strategies done, for comparative reasons. Georgianas love for Aylmer could be the reason she decided to have the pigmentation expelled. Her adoration is solid to such an extent that she needs to make any penances to demonstrate her affection to him. She states, Either expel this horrendous Hand, or take my pitiful life! (Hawthorne 1264). This shows she is really enamored with him and will successfully pick up his endorsement. In spite of her own sentiments of the pigmentation, she is happy to have it evacuated for the sake of affection. Ladies in the 21st century are not so much worried about a skin coloration in light of the fact that there is plastic medical procedure to fix that. Regardless of whether it is liposuction, bosom embeds or counting calories, these things are frequently accomplished to pick up the affection and endorsement of a man. A considerable lot of these penances are known to be risky and even perilous, however it is as yet something that is finished. These activities can be corresponding with those of Georgiana on the grounds that a large number of these things are finished to show an accomplice that the adoration for them is valid. The last explanation that Georgiana could have needed the pigmentation expelled is a direct result of the numerous confidence gives that she had. In the statement, To come clean with you, it has been so frequently called an appeal, that I was straightforward enough to envision it may be so (Hawthorne 1262). This statement could be ... <!

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading February 1, 2018

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading February 1, 2018 In this regular feature, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in literally today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). Your TBR list is about to get some new additions. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Jamie Canaves Trouble Never Sleeps  by Stephanie Tromly (Kathy Dawson Books, April 14th): This delightfully awesome mystery series satisfies my craving for the annoyingly charming Logan Echolls. It’s funny, with great banter, and one of those series that is equally great in print AND in audio so I spend most of the time wanting to ping-pong between the two. I took a peek at just the 1st page and before I knew it I’d inhaled the first 100 pagesâ€"now if you’ll excuse me I’ve got to get back to this wonderful read. (ARC) Claire Handscombe I Am Thunder by Muhammad Khan:  This book about a teen who wants to be a writer but whose parents don’t approve was always going to resonate with me, but it’s also an important new voice in UKYA, which desperately needs better representation of BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) characters. I’m really enjoying spending time with Muzna and I hope things work out for her, even though the class hottie is clearly going to be trouble. (paperback) Elizabeth Allen The Female Persuasion by Meg Wolitzer (Riverhead Books, April 3rd): I’ve been looking forward to another brightly-colored book by the author of The Interestings for some time now. And while I’m not quite enjoying The Female Persuasion as much as I loved her 2013 bildungsroman about a woman and her camp friends, the topic is so relevant as to have me turning pages at a significant rate. In her latest, Wolitzer addresses those crucial rites of passageâ€"when one discovers a cause they feel passionately about, when one discovers a role model that leads them in that passion, and when one is inevitably disappointed by that role model. Her ability to write nuanced female relationships shines in this book, as we watch Greer Kadetsky navigate the minefield of caring so deeply about something and someone. Susie Dumond Pachinko by Min Jin Lee: FINALLY got this one off the holds list at the library and I’m loving it so far! It got a lot of buzz last year, and I am highly susceptible to buzz. It follows four generations of a Korean family through the turmoil of Japanese colonization and is full of fascinating history and gripping characters. (ebook) Anthony Karcz Conspiracy of Ravens by Lila Bowen:  Because what this blah January needs to bring it back to life is a weird western tale told by a skin-shifting, blood-soaked heroine (and when the first book ends on a literal cliffhanger, you have to binge-read the second). Kate Scott Nomadland by Jessica Bruder: The post-recession economic plight of America’s senior citizens is a problem too often ignored. In this brilliant piece of journalism, Jessica Bruder hits the road with the 50-, 60-, and 70-somethings who survive by living in camper trailers and migrating around the country in pursuit of seasonal jobs. Their struggles highlight our country’s problem with ageism and the ever-increasing likelihood of downward social mobility. (audiobook) Steph Auteri     Starting with Goodbye by Lisa Romeo: I admired this essayist’s work from afar for years before coming to know her personally, so I thought it was about damn time that someone published a book-length work from her. Happy to start digging into this memoir of a daughter who comes to build a whole new relationship with her father after his death. (egalley) Elisa Shoenberger The Flintstones Vol 1 by Mark Russell and art by Steve Pugh:  I know, I know…I remember watching the Hanna-Barbera cartoon as a kid. It was not a cartoon of much substance.When a friend suggested this to me as one of his best reads of 2017, I was naturally super skeptical. So I tried the first issue and it hooked me. Now I’m in the middle of the first trade. It’s not the Flintstones of our childhood. It’s a critique about the cost of capitalism on members of society. It’s surprising to say the least but very pithy and enjoyable. (paperback) Sarah Nicolas Windwitch by Susan Dennard:  I read Truthwitch a while back, and with the prequel Sightwitch coming out, I thought it was a good time to read the 2nd book in this series. It’s been a while since I read the first book, so I’m struggling to remember exactly what happened previously, but I’m excited to see where the story leads and to read more about my OTL Iseult. E.H. Kern Kafka. The Early Years by Reiner Stach: Finally! The third volume about the life and work of Franz Kafka is here! As beautifully written, and as filled with insight as the previous two volumes that dealt with Kafka’s definitive years as a writer and his final years among us here on earth, this third volume was well worth the wait. Reiner Stach is an amazing biographer and Shelley Frisch a highly skilled and intuitive translator. (paperback) Aimee Miles North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell: Gaskell has been on my radar for a while. I remember being completely caught up in the characters of the adaptation of Wives and Daughters when I was in high school and I adore the 2004 BBC miniseries adaptation of North and South. Gaskell maintains a beautiful balance of perspectives that have much in common with modern feminism while fitting perfectly into their time period. Gaskell encompasses that when Henry Lennox proposes to Margaret, showing the universality of women’s experiences across centuries. Like that feeling you get when your friend hits on you and you just are not interested. Sigh. Juliet Stevenson is as excellent a narrator as ever, doing appropriate (to my ear) measures of Northern accents for each of the Northern characters. I am utterly enthralled. (audiobook) Liberty Hardy Speak No Evil by Uzodinma Iweala (Harper, March 6) A new novel from the author of Beasts of No Nation, about a young Nigerian American who is crushing high school, as far as athletics, school work, and an acceptance to Harvard, but is feeling emotionally tormented from trying to hide the fact that he is gay from his conservative parents. (galley) Jaime Herndon Star Wars Trilogy by George Lucas, Donald F Glut, James Kahn: I’m a huge SW fan, but have never read the original books. I’m diving in and love how it expands upon what I’m used to seeing on screen. I’ve only read a couple of the other SW books (offshoots of the main saga), so it will be interesting to see how this plays out. (paperback) Melissa Baron Deathless by Catherynne M. Valente: I’ve been wanting to read more Valente ever since falling in love with Silently and Very Fast. Deathless is a delightful and dark Russian folklore tale that reads like a cross between a Grimm fairy tale and Pan’s Labyrinth, with the Russian Revolution as the backdrop instead of the Spanish Civil War. And the protag is older and embroiled in a complicated romantic relationship with the Tsar of Life. Valente’s writing makes this a lush, descriptive read, if a little hard to follow at times. (paperback) Danika Ellis Jaya and Rasa by Sonia Patel: This is a YA love story between an Indian trans boy and a mixed race teen girl who has been coerced into sex work, set in Hawaii. I feel a little bit in over my head, but I’m enjoying letting it wash over me. I’m only a few chapters in, but it’s already engrossing. (hardcover) S.W. Sondheimer The Gentleman’s Guide to Vice and Virtue by Mackenzi Lee: a historical, YA, romance with a male, bisexual lead, this novel probably wouldn’t ever have been on my radar (it’s the YA romance; bisexual and historical are two of my jams) had my fellow Rioters not opened my eyes to my snobbery. And I’m so glad they didâ€"The Gentleman’s Guide is absolutely delightful. It is also a fascinating alternative survey of history and a moving, complex love story. Sam Burt The Moonstone by Wilkie Collins. I revisited this classic in search of something more soothing than Midnight’s Children. It’s done the trick so far: loving the tangential, conversational style of the narrator, although I suspect I’m continually missing vital clues as to the whereabouts of that missing diamond… (paperback) Erin McCoy The Driftwood Promise by Maren Ferguson: This small-town romance is set in the picturesque oceanside town of Sea Glass Cove. Ferguson (the pseudonym for author Suzie O’Connell) specializes in books featuring close-knit communities with heroes/heroines who are fighting off past demons. I love that Ferguson’s characters are always flawed and totally realistic. In The Driftwood Promise we get a bit of closure from book one of the series, The Abalone Shell, but we also, more importantly, get to see Erin McKinney fall in love. This one is an emotional rollercoaster thats proving worth the undertaking. (ebook) Rebecca Hussey My Favorite Thing Is Monsters by Emil Ferris: I remember hearing about this book on one of the Book Riot podcasts, which is what got me interested, and when I realized it would count for two of the comics tasks on the Read Harder Challenge (tasks #4 and #18), I knew I’d be reading it. (library paperback) Katie McLain Horrorstor by Grady Hendrix. Horror novel set in an Ikea-type furniture store, and designed to LOOK like an Ikea-type catalog. I’ve had this book on my radar ever since it came out, and why I’ve waited this long to read it is a mystery to me. (paperback) Tiffani Willis Binti: The Night Masquerade by Nnedi Okorafor: The epic conclusion to Nnedi Okorafor’s trilogy about a woman who travels far from home and back again, learning more about herself, her people along the way. In the first volume Binti was on her way to a university on another planet when her ship was attacked. In the second she traveled into the desert to learn more about her past. In this volume, Binti returns home to find a war brewing, a war that only Binti, a master harmonizer, seems able to stop. Ashley Holstrom Ask Me About My Uterus: A Quest to Make Doctors Believe in Womens Pain by Abby Norman: Have you seen the cover of this book? It’s a uterus made of flowers, with a butterfly on an ovary. It’s perfect. Abby Norman writes powerfully about her experience living with endometriosis and presents research on the disease and the history of women who were brushed off by medical professionals. You know, like how hysteria is anything that ails a woman, but the same symptoms do not equate hysteria in a man. It’s hitting all my feminist and history and medicine buttons. (galley) Ilana Masad How Fiction Works by James Wood: I’ve never read what is now considered a classic in books about writing (though it’s only from 2008, so like…how? But okay). James Wood has always been one of my favorite book critics (he writes for The New Yorker) because of the care he takes in how he reads, the close attention he pays, and his own beautiful writing style. But there’s also a clear bias to his tastes, and he shows that in this bookâ€"almost all his examples are from dead white dude writers, and the couple women he cites are similarly white. His reading tastes and writing criteria are rather narrow, which is unfortunate. Nevertheless, it’s an incredibly illuminating and smart book, but one that there’s endless possibility to argue with. Brandi Bailey Who Fears Death by Nnedi Okorafor: I’ve become obsessed with Okorafor’s writing over the past year and I have been waiting nearly six months (six!!!) for this epic fantasy novel to become available at my library. While denser than any of her other works, Who Fears Death  is proving to be a super engrossing, completely immersive read. I love how complex Onyesonwu is and how well Okorafor brings her emotional turmoil to the page. (library hardcover) Patricia Thang H Is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald: I’m not sure how to explain why I picked this book up except to say that I’m a huge sucker for memoirs featuring animals and/or nature. I’m sure many readers can relate to the fact that more often than not, dog memoirs are what we most easily encounter regularly. And while I love love love a good dog memoir, it’s so dang exciting when I find a memoir featuring an animal that’s not a dog. Factor in my obsession with birds of prey, and I think it’s clear that H Is for Hawk was basically made for me. (ebook) Jesse Doogan The Crescent Stone by Matt Mikalatos: This book is really personal for me, since it’s one that I helped to acquire. I am delighted with how it’s turning out: it’s a young adult fantasy that aims to help white kids learn to examine their privilege, while also being a really fun portal fantasy with Orcs and elves and dangerous plant people. It’s about a girl, Maddie, who has a terminal lung disease. An elf-like creature appears to her and offers to cure her in exchange for one year of service in his magical land. She and her buddy Jason Wu are swept up into adventure. (Jason has a bargain, too: it involves pudding cups and a unicorn.) Jason is one of my favorite characters I’ve read in a while. Super excited for this one! (galleys) Derek Attig Blackfish City by Sam J. Miller: I only just started this book, but already I’m hooked. It’s giving me a little bit of Annalee Newitz’s Autonomous, a little bit of China Mieville’s The Scar, and a whole lot of its own particular magic. (egalley) Tiffany Hall     Strange the Dreamer by Laini Taylor: I’ve long heard of Taylor’s poetic and dreamy prose, and yearned to read it myself. So, after months of reading books just to fill my quota on Goodreads, I decided to take my time with this one and really dive in head first. Thus far, Strange the Dreamer has not disappointed me, and I hope as I continue to flip the pages that it will stay that way. (hardcover) Cecilia Lyra Little Fires Everywhere by Celeste Ng: It would be disingenuous to say that I chose this book. It chose me. It was recommended by every single person/entity on the planet (friends from my book club, family members, iBooks, Goodreadsâ€"even a former professor!) and it kept showing up on Facebook feed. Fine, I thought. Ill give the book a chance. The result? I started it two days ago and am almost done. Its unputdownable! I highly recommend it! Karina Glaser Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor: I reread this book for a Book Riot piece I wrote for the 2018 Read Harder challenge, and it was amazing how a book written over forty years ago and set during the height of the Great Depression could still feel so fresh and relevant. I encourage everyone to read (or reread) it! Gretchen Lida A House of My Own: Stories of My Life by Sandra Cisneros: A friend, who I admire for her grace and clarity, texted me along with a link saying that she had bought the audio of this book  for me, “I thought of you so much as I read this book…How you must just want to burst to tell a story.” This is Cisneros memoir, and as I listened I knew I had to lock the door and write harder. Margaret Kingsbury The Sky is Yours by Chandler Klang Smith: I requested this book on Netgalley after reading its quirky premise: a dystopian future plagued by dragons. I love dragons! And I’ve never heard of a premise quite like this, except for the movie Reign of Fire. Okay, so this book’s not like that movie, nor did I expect it to be (I should totally re-watch that movie, though)! The book is living up to the quirk factor so far (flying cars, possibility of human/machine cyborgs, and just super weird characters), and I’m only a couple chapters into it. (egalley) Tasha Brandstatter Death Below Stairs by Jennifer Ashley: I had some issues getting into this book before, but decided to give it another try in audiobook format. (audiobook) Teresa Preston The Fortunes by Peter Ho Davies. My book club is reading this collection of four novellas/short stories about Chinese Americans at different periods in American history. So far, I’ve read about an immigrant who got involved in the building of the railroad in California and Anna May Wong, the first Chinese-American movie star. (library hardcover) Simone Jung Girls Burn Brighter by Shobha Rao (flatiron books, March 6) I knew this was going to be a book I would love to read and I was totally right. I was already hooked from the first part of the story where our two main characters (Poornima and Shivati) meet. The friendship they were able to build within the short period of time seems to be one of the ones that will last a lifetime. While both of their lives are filled with turmoil and conflict, these two women are able to think of each other and the time they spent together. This book will make you think about your own female friendships and while we all live busy lives and have things to attend to, we always keep in mind the friendships we create and how they shape us in the end. (egalley) Laura Sackton Salad Anniversary by Machi Tawara: I’m trying to read one book of poetry each month this year, and my current pick is this slim volume of haiku and tanka poetry from Japan. It was published to wild success in 1987. The poems are short meditations on ordinary life and love. So far, I’m enjoying them immensely. Trisha Brown The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up by Marie Kondo: Maybe this is sort of because it’s a new year and I want to get my life together. But it’s really because I need someone to tell me what to do with the tube of wood glue I used one time four years ago and the little baggie of single earrings I’ve been keeping in case I feel “crafty” for the first time in three decades. So in other words, it probably is largely because it’s a new year and I want to get my life together. (hardcover) Priya Sridhar Published: The Proven Path From Blank Page to Published Author by Chandler Bolt:  This book at aimed at writers who want to find their purpose, and boldly venture into the self-publishing world. I admire the perspective, and Chandler’s confidence for describing what a good book needs. (PDF) Jessica Pryde The Gods of Tango by Carolina de Robertis: I’ve been meaning to read this forever, because the premise is so fascinating, and now I have to because I’m facilitating an LGBTQ+ book club for my library and it’s our first pick, so yay! (paperback) Rincey Abraham Forty Acres by Dwayne Alexander Smith: I heard about this one years ago and have had it on my list of books to check out for a long time, especially since it can be difficult to discover thrillers written by non-white authors. (library hardcover) Adiba Jaigirdar Dread Nation by Justina Ireland: This book has been pretty hyped up, and rightly so! I’m only one third of the way in and I’m already totally engrossed and finding it hard to put it down. Justina Ireland’s writing is fantastic. As is her alt history world filled with zombies. But what steals the show is her main character, Jane McKeene, who I’m totally in love with. (egalley) Dana Lee White Tears by Hari Kunzru: I’m all about books with music as a major part of the plot lately. So right now I’m reading White Tears, recommended by my fellow Rioters. It’s still pretty early in the book, but the setup is really interesting: two friends just out of college share a passion for music and the recording process. They accidentally record a singer in a park and send it out claiming it’s a long lost blues record. The prose is simple, yet lyrical and I’m excited to see how the repercussions of their actions “spiral down into the heart of the nation’s darkness” as the book jacket promises. Rachel Wagner Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America by Ibram X Kendi: I saw this online somewhere and had to get it. I’m only a few pages in so far, but the prose and the argument are both clear and concise. Kendi contextualizes the fact that racist policies precede racism. (library book) Dana Staves How to Write an Autobiographical Novel: Essays by Alexander Chee:  I’ve been meaning to read Alexander Chee’s novel, The  Queen of the Night, for awhile, but haven’t gotten to it. (Yet!) But his new book of essays sounded like a great place to start with him. I’m a sucker for writers talking about writing, and while I’m only in the first essay, I think I’m going to really enjoy this. (eGalley)

Poetry Analysis Mending Wall Essay - 470 Words

â€Å"Mending Wall† by Robert Frost, the fifty-six line lyric poem gives off a sarcastic tone that expresses impatience with his neighbor and the â€Å"wall.† The poem focuses on a theme of separation, the necessity of boundaries and the illusory arguments used to annihilate them. Frost uses the phrase â€Å"Mending Wall† to show that the relationship between the narrator and the neighbor is not being repaired. The poem focuses on two men who meet amongst a wall to stroll and make repairs. The narrator feels that the wall shouldn’t be there. He states that, â€Å"...We do not need the wall: He is all pine and I am apple orchard, my apples will never get across.(Frost) On the other hand, the neighbor feels that the wall is needed and simply states that, â€Å"†¦show more content†¦With that, a regional spirit of racism and bigotry is felt from the neighbor. The speaker scorns his neighbor’s wall building antics, but has no choice but to se ttle with them. Ironically though, the speaker is way more involved and indulged with the annual repairing of the wall more so than the neighbor. The speaker tends to â€Å"bug† the neighbor about the wall in a way and comes off very clingy. He seems very excited about repairing a wall that he despises. The speaker sets the day they will repair on the wall together and also informs. Regardless of the, dubious attitude that the speaker gives off, it seems that he is more tied to the mending-wall tradition, more than the neighbor. The speaker comes off more of a modern man, while the neighbor is stuck in ancient, with building a â€Å"wall†. However, the speaker is no different from the neighbor; he likes his privacy and his sense of ownership. Blank verse is used in the poem along with basic, conversational words. There are no rhymes schemes used neither are there any end rhymes. Ultimately, the existence of the wall keeps the individuality of the two neighbors in tact; one being a pine tree and the other being an apple. From reading the poem and some of Robert’s Frost other works, he shapes his work by the â€Å"landscape of his native New England and by the fusion of colloquialShow MoreRelatedRobert Frosts Mending Wall1210 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis Mending Wall, By Robert Frost In Mending Wall, Robert Frost uses a series of contrasts, to express his own conflict between tradition and creation. By describing the annual ritual of two neighbors repairing the wall between them, he contrasts both neighbors through their ideas and actions, intertwining the use of parallelism and metaphors, in order to display his own innermost conflict as a poet; the balance between what is to be said and what is to be left to the reader, the balanceRead MoreEssay about The Dark Side of Humanity Exposed in Robert Frosts Poetry991 Words   |  4 PagesExposed in Robert Frosts Poetry Robert Frost is often referred to as a poet of nature. Words and phrases such as fire and ice, flowers in bloom, apple orchards and rolling hills, are all important elements of Frosts work. These ‘benign objects provide an alternative way to look at the world and are often used as metaphors to describe a darker view of nature and humans. In Frosts poetry, the depth is as important as the surface. The darker aspects of Frosts poetry are often portrayed throughRead MoreThe Dark Side of Robert Frost’s Nature Essay2339 Words   |  10 Pagesrepresent beauty in Robert Frost’s poetry. Symbolism is present in every line of the nature’s poet’s poems. The everyday objects present in his poems provide the reader an alternative perspective of the world. Robert Frost uses all the elements of poetry to describe the darker side of nature. After analyzing the Poem Mending Wall and After Apple Picking it is clear that nature plays a dark and destructive role for Ro bert Frost. This dark side of Frost’s poetry could have been inspired from the hardRead MoreAnalysis of Mending Wall by Robert Frost Essay670 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Mending Wall by Robert Frost Robert Frost is describing a process in Mending Wall, which is repairing a wall that separates his territory and his neighbors. The wall was deteriorated during the winter, when the cold frost created cracks and gaps in the wall. He uses a nearly infantile imagination to unravel the mystery of the damage that appeared suddenly in spring. While they are tediously laboring to reconstruct the fence, Frost is imploring his neighbor about the useRead MoreThe Mending Wall By Robert Frost Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Frost`s poem â€Å"The Mending Wall† was first â€Å"published in 1914 by David Nutt in North of Boston† (Modern American Poetry). This poem is narrated by a New England farmer, who does not want to build a wall between the two farms. Some scholars may see this term â€Å"Wall† as a boundary line between two countries. Others can argue that this is an allegory, which depicts how neighbors as well are in the human sense, must care for and try to understand one another in spite the differences. I will argueRead More An Analysis of Mending Wall Essay2101 Words   |  9 PagesAn Analysis of Mending Wall Robert Frost once said that Mending Wall was a poem that was spoiled by being applied. What did he mean by applied? Any poem is damaged by being misunderstood, but thats the risk all poems run. What Frost objects to, I think, is a reduction and distortion of the poem through practical use. When President John F. Kennedy inspected the Berlin Wall he quoted the poems first line: Something there is that doesnt love a wall. His audience knew what he meant andRead MoreA Compilation of Essays on People and Their Personalities4701 Words   |  19 Pageshowever created by the divine scheme wherein we say that all marriages are made in heaven. MENDING WALL (Summary) A stone wall separates the speaker’s property from his neighbor’s. In spring, the two meet to walk the wall and jointly make repairs. The speaker sees no reason for the wall to be kept—there are no cows to be contained, just apple and pine trees. He does not believe in walls for the sake of walls. The neighbor resorts to an old adage: â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors.† The speaker remainsRead MoreLiterature and South Africa6682 Words   |  27 Pagesautonomously functioning semiotic system. In this essay, the poem Mending Wall by Robert Frost is going to be used to describe how meaning are produced by codes, by recoding and overcoding according to Lotman’s semiotic theory. It is necessary to define codes and the process of interpretation before one delves in the semiotic analysis of the poem Mending Wall. As defined by Structuralist, literary codes that matter in our analysis per se are the literary signs, their overdetermination that amountRead MoreLiterature and South Africa6676 Words   |  27 Pagesautonomously functioning semiotic system. In this essay, the poem Mending Wall by Robert Frost is going to be used to describe how meaning are produced by codes, by recoding and overcoding according to Lotman’s semiotic theory. It is necessary to define codes and the process of interpretation before one delves in the semiotic analysis of the poem Mending Wall. As defined by Structuralist, literary codes that matter in our analysis per se are the literary signs, their overdetermination that amountRead MoreRobert Frost s Writing Style1589 Words   |  7 Pageswisdom... in a clarification of life - not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are founded on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (Robert Frost Quotes). This same kind of thinking opened the door for metaphorical poetry that helped to show the poets transparency. His love for the social outcast and the struggles of his life are exhibited greatly in his poems. Robert Frost helped to create a new writing style through his many trials that not only affected the people

Disadvantages Of Sex Education - 1734 Words

Sex education helps people gain the information, skills and motivation to make healthy decisions about sex and initially assists with determining their individual sexuality. Unfortunately, when most students are done with sex education classes, they do not have a clear understanding of contraception and safe sex practices and the benefits they allow for. Almost everything revolves around sex or doing drugs and the peer and media pressure that follows is unwavering. Although we have a handful of children who aspire to be more successful, an alarming number of teenagers are slowly falling by the wayside, engaging in indecent sexual activity. Teens nowadays are starting to become sexually active at such a young age. It angers one to know†¦show more content†¦Teen mothers have poor prenatal care since they fail to attend their prenatal appointments. They are at a higher risk of experiencing pregnancy complications and post-natal depression. In addition, they tend to give birth to premature babies and low weight babies. The United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the industrialized world. Each year, one out of three teenage girls becomes pregnant. Although teen pregnancy rates have dropped from 61.8 births per 1000 in 1991 to41.7 births per 1000 in 2003, pregnancy ra tes in the U.S still are declining at slower rates than those in other developed nations. These sobering statistics are the basis of an ongoing battle: the fight for abstinence-only versus comprehensive sex education. Although proponents of both types of sex education aim to reduce teenage pregnancy and STIs, their approaches vary greatly. Abstinence-only advocates believe that sex before marriage is immoral and harmful; they promote abstinence as the sole option to help young people avoid STIs and teen pregnancy, mentioning condoms and contraceptives only in terms of their failures rates. Abstinence advocates feel that â€Å"Americans are not suffering from lack of knowledge about sex but an absence of values. In contrast, Proponents of comprehensive sex education and abstinence-plus-education promote abstinence as a good method for avoidingShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Single-Sex Education1374 Words   |  6 PagesEngland, there are as many as 726 mainstream single-sex secondary schools, 378 of them are state schools (DFES, 2007). As such, there are considerable debates about the single-sex education system whether it is the best way of learning or not. Co-education (co-ed) i s an educational system where boys and girls study in the same institution, which means no segregation on sex-basis. Throughout the history of education and until the 18th century, single-sex school (SSS) was the most common type of schoolRead MoreThe Best Kind of Sex Education708 Words   |  3 Pages There is much controversy over which form of sex education should be taught, comprehensive sex education, or abstinence-only sex education. The definition for comprehensive sex education is responsible and balanced sexuality education that seeks to assist young people in understanding a positive view of sexuality, provide them with information and skills about caring for their sexual health, and help them acquire skills to make decisions now and in the future. It is medically accurate and providesRead MoreMixed Schools1386 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ This essay provides a discussion between the disadvantages and advantages of mixed schools. The first part of the essay begins with the disadvantages of mixed schools, about why some parents do not allow their children to attend mixed schools and even why some students themselves do not want to attend mixed schools. These are the educational, psychological and social disadvantages of mixed schools. The second part of this essay provides the benefits of attending mixed schools by looking at theRead MoreWhy are Mixed Schools a Better Option?672 Words   |  3 PagesSingle sex school is a major problem that we face in our modern world it has advantages and well as disadvantages. Why mixed schools is better than single one?. There are many reasons to prove that idea. This essay talks about why mixed schools is better than single one with evidences and supports. This essay supports the idea of why this is a negative impacts on the society. Some people saw that single one is better and th ey have their points of view and their opinions. They also saw it improvesRead MoreSingle Sex Schools : An Old Time Idea1730 Words   |  7 PagesJordan Jackson 04/18/17 Are Single-Sex Schools really the way to go? ENGL- 10300 Single Sex Schools VS. Coed The issue that is being discussed is whether or not it is more beneficial for high school students to go to single-sex schools or coed schools. In her essay â€Å" Single-Sex Schools: An Old Time Idea Whose Time Has Come,† Diane Urbina Argues that it would be more beneficial if we had single-sex schools. The myth is debunked is that boys and girls are restricted by nature in relation to whatRead MoreEducation: Gender and Single-sex School Works1256 Words   |  6 PagesSingle-Sex Schools A time comes in every young teen s life when he or she must decide where to attend high school. As they examine which high school they want to go to, one of the factors they may come across is whether to go to a single-sex school or a co-educational school. While co-ed schools allow students to develop socially, single-sex schools have the advantage in academic success. Single-sex schools provide a conducive learning environment for students, allow teachers to teach accordingRead MoreSingle Sex And Co Educated Schools887 Words   |  4 PagesThe debate on utilizing single sex or co-educated schools has been around for far too long. However, this controversy will come to an end today. No one should look and depend on the bright side only, because single sex schools are not exactly what everyone expects. Do people really expect for a child’s grades to improve at an instant? Psychological problems will begin to increase if students do not interact with the opposite sex. Students will lack the advantages of the co-educational elementaryRead MoreAre Single Sex Schools Better Than Co Ed?770 Words   |  4 PagesSame Sex or Coed Learning Are single-sex schools better than co-ed? We must first ask ourselves what is the main purpose of educating our youth. If the answer is to simply just teach our youth the basics like Mathematics, English, Social Studies, and Sciences then the answer would be yes. However, it is paramount that we also educate our youth in these topics while also preparing them to social interact and solve issues with all races and sexes. A single sex school or classes would greatly limitRead Moreunit 202 outcome 1.1772 Words   |  4 Pageslevel 2 stls Unit 204 outcome 1.1 The equality act 2010 provides a modern single legal framework with clear laws to be more effective in tackling discrimination and disadvantages. It covers the following areas- †¢ Age †¢ Disability †¢ Gender reassignment †¢ Marriage and Civil partnership †¢ Race †¢ Religion or belief †¢ Sex †¢ Sexual orientation We also have our own policies in school to cover equality. There is- †¢ S.E.N. †¢ Racial Equality †¢ Equal opportunities †¢ These explain whatRead MoreCo Education624 Words   |  3 Pagesand Disadvantages of Co – education Co – education exists when boys and girls learn together in one school. It first existed in Greece because of the belief of Plato, a Greek philosopher, that co – education helps in the development of the personality of both men and women when they are put together in the same school or class. It is prevalent in many countries because of its advantages, but for some, they do not want it because of its negative effects. In most countries, co – education is implemented

Bibliography paper Free Essays

string(95) " from the civil society requesting that the government introduce another policy model instead\." Discuss the relative merits of top-down and bottom-up approaches to the diffusion of renewable energy technologies. †Word count: 1300 Introduction The question of whether an Initiative Is considered top-down or bottom-up Is a question of perspective, so a local council Annihilative can be viewed as a bottom up If you view It from a central government perspective, whereas you could view It as top down If you were one of the residents. Diffusion follows the innovation phase, and is all about uptake of new products by consumers, how new products enter the market and spread across. We will write a custom essay sample on Bibliography paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, diffusion is a measure of how successfully a new product has spread through society. In his book ‘Diffusion of Innovations’ ref) Everett Rogers espouses that there are four mall elements that Influence the spread of a new Idea: the innovation Itself, communication channels, time, and a social system. In order to self-sustain, the Innovation must be widely adopted. The diffusion of Innovations according to Rogers. With successive groups of consumers adopting the new technology (shown in blue), its market share (yellow) will eventually reach the saturation level. Diffusion doesn’t happen by itself, as it squires element of the marketing mix: product price place promotion. Process physical evidence properties pleasure people. ND Rogers’ criteria for diffusion: relative advantage (offering a competitive advantage) complexity (being easy to use) compatibility (matching existing products) Absorbability (seeing the product in use) Tractability (trying the product out) Diffusion is also significantly affected by such factors as the efforts companies and organizations put into achieving those marketing mix elements and criteria for diffusion: government Initiatives aimed at Influencing the take up of new cosmologies (top-down, technology push); and the characteristics of the consumers In that market place. In the conventional depictions of consumer responses to products, consumers are seen as passive – simply selecting from what Is on offer. However, some consumers are becoming more selective and are concerned about accordingly In his book ‘Enabling Innovation’, Boor Outwitted describes innovation as involving a Darwinian process of selection. New ideas are tested and tried, but adopted only if they are seen as valuable by consumers (*ref) Top down *See â€Å"what makes renewable energy work. UDF† in 30TH folder Any technology signed to be used by society on the macro level (larger scale) needs to be integrated into existing technical and social structures. This means that these structures must be adapted to support an efficient use of the technology. The task of managing this adaptation requires the finance and support of governments. Key elements of technology support systems for renewable energy systems are: Public awareness and acceptance Qualification of everyone that interacts with the system (Installation, Maintenance and Operation) Quality control: every new technology goes through a number of iterations until reliable and efficient operation is achieved. If products entering the market do not meet a minimum standard confidence will be affected and diffusion may be prematurely halted. Organizational infrastructures supporting the technology must be in place to guarantee that a deficient device can be repaired quickly, and that spare parts are available. Logistical infrastructures are in place to provide fuels (in the case of Biomass) efficiently and in sufficient quantities – this may require the use of financial incentives for farmers to switch to alternative crops to support the technology. Development of standards regarding the renewable technology and fuels seed by them – this will encourage more manufacturers to enter the market thus driving performance up, and costs down, enabling further diffusion. Qualification of those indirectly confronted by the technology – architects, planners, public decision makers. They have special interests and create new markets with their purchasing choices. They influence the market in a bottom-up way.. Level 5 developer consumers. They develop new or modified products to meet their needs or concerns. They become more proactive in a bottom-up way in terms of technological innovation, and sometimes operate in niche markets. Level 6 Consumer innovators. Consumer initiatives lead to success and diffusion. The products transcend the niche markets created by these proactive consumers, and these products and the enterprises that have created them may become part of the mainstream. These consumers change the market and the products, and these changes may become part of the new order. At each successive level in this list, the influence of businesses on innovation and effusion decreases, as consumer influence and involvement increases. However, in all categories, business involvement is still strong and ultimately, at level 6, any successful products emerging from the bottom-up process are likely to be taken up by conventional companies. ‘The levels of consumer involvement shown above apply to individual consumers and small grass-roots user groups. However, these are not the only sources of external influence on the rate of technological development and diffusion. Consumers can also be part of wider consumer organizations and environmental pressure groups. Placements through the lobbying power and public influence of large numbers of members. For example, green groups may oppose nuclear power and support solar power. Clearly, given the involvement of grass-roots activists, this is a bottom-up approach, although some pressure groups have national and internat ional roles and can be major players in the high-level political processes. ‘ The DVD includes illustrative examples which are relevant to your discussion on the relative merits of each aspect of the top-down and bottom-up approaches. They include the Hector Housing project, the Austrian DID solar case study, SamÃ'‘, Local generation in Waking etc. Ochs your attention to the good aspects of each approach. Think about such things as where these approaches might be best suited (and examples thereof), and also how whether they are mutually exclusive. Argue the case for and against various strategies for supporting diffusion for specific technologies or programmers. – Identify in general terms the key factors likely to influence the successful diffusion of new technological developments – Assess the relative merits of top-down and bottom-up approaches to diffusion and to the wider innovation process. Http://nun. Du/publications/articles/policy-innovation-for-techno logy-diffusion- Japanese-renewable-energy. HTML – Bottom up driving top-down: â€Å"Prior to the adoption of RPR, there were vociferous calls from the civil society requesting that the government introduce another policy model instead. You read "Bibliography paper" in category "Papers" The Feed-in Tariff (FIT) is a policy generally proven to be successful in the member states of the European Union† Learning outcome 1 . 1: The way in which market, environmental and economic factors influence the consumer take-up (diffusion) of new products. – Block 4, page : key points of section 1 Block 4, page : key points of section 2 http://www. Warwick. AC. UK/face/cross_face/low_carbon/conference/programmer/low- carbon_conference_king_Wang_final_comma. PDF Diffusion theory is a collection of concepts that attempt to explain how new ideas, products or practices are taken up into use by domestic, commercial and industrial consumers. According to Everett Rogers (1983), a leading theoretician, diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system’ leading to its subsequent adoption into widespread use. Rogers identifies five factors that influence diffusion. He suggests the ease and rate performance and/or cost terms, compared with existing products compatibility – with existing products, and with consumers’ values and lifestyles complexity – by contrast, he argues that complexity is a negative attribute absorbability – seeing it in action, including seeing how others get on using it Tractability – availability for personally checking out its merits. In addition, perceived risk or danger in use could be added to the list as another potential disincentive. Consumers have increasingly become active in making complaints about the quality of products and services. In parallel, and more positively, consumers increasingly seem to be willing to put effort into searching for what they want. This is not to do simply with price. With a generally more affluent population, the focus is increasingly on performance and quality as well as value. Block 4, pig 15 For the present, it should simply be noticed that not all of this enhanced consumer selectivity is related to self-interested personal utility concerns such as performance, quality or technical advantages, or even a desire for more things. Some consumers have adopted wider ethical stances in relation to what they buy and what they will tot buy, and sometimes, how much they will buy. In practice, only a few people opt for frugal denial, but many more are concerned about the sheer volume of their personal consumption and may seek to cut back on things they feel are frivolous or in some way undesirable. According to research for the Co-operative Banks Ethical Purchasing Index, in the period from 1999 to 2002, 52 per cent of I-J consumers boycotted at least one product because they disapproved of the practices of the company concerned. It was estimated that E. 6 billion had been lost by firms in 2002 due to consumers switching brands on ethical grounds. A survey in 2004 of potential consumer attitudes to companies that did not comply with the new environmental legislation requiring companies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions -introduced under the EX. Emissions trading scheme(Elk TEST) – found that consumers would vote with their feet if companies failed to comply with this new green legislation. One in three respondents to the survey said they would switch brand allegiance on environmental grounds if a company they regularly buy goods and services from failed to comply (Illogical, 2004). Moreover, consumer responses are not simply negative – some consumers will costively select products which comply with environmental legislation or which are marketed as, for example, involving fair trading with producers in developing countries, or which avoid testing on animals. Block 4, pig 16 environmental sensitivities that influence their purchasing decisions; some companies have responded to this new market; and the government seems keen that the public should do more, particularly in relation to selecting environmentally appropriate products. Learning outcome 1. 2: The role of consumers in supporting new product lines, resisting unwanted options and, on occasion, stimulating the production of, or even actually developing, desired products and services. – Block 4, page : key points of section 1 Block 4, page : Key points of section 2 Block 4, page : key points of section 4 Block 4, page : Key points of Section 5 Block 4, page : key points of section 6 Learning outcome 1. : The difference between top-down and bottom-up approaches to innovation and diffusion and the potential role of consumers and users in aiding diffusion and innovation. Block 4, page : key points of section 1 Block 4, page : key points of section 5 (Bottom -up) Block 4, page : ke y points of Section 6 (Bottom-up) Block 4, page : key points of Section 7 (Top-down) Learning outcome 1. 4: Consumer involvement with innovation and diffusion in the renewable energy sector and the problems that such activity may come up against. Block 4, : key points of section 1 Block 4, page : key points of Section 2 Block 4, page : Impact on technology diffusion Block 4, page : key points of section 3 : key points of section 5 page page Block 4, page Consumer involvement classification. I have identified six levels of consumer involvement: At each successive level in this list, the influence of businesses on innovation and diffusion decreases, as consumer influence and involvement increases. However, in all categories, business involvement is still strong and ultimately, at level 6, any successful products emerging from the bottom-up process Block 4, page Governments influence the mix of products and systems in ways often beyond the control of consumers, through regulation, taxes and other policy mechanisms. They seek to stimulate the development and diffusion of selected technologies in line with wider national or international strategic priorities. For example, based on environmental policy, governments may seek to phase out the use of coal for electricity generation and to back wind, wave or tidal power. Clearly this sort of influence involves a top-down approach, although one moderated by democratic processes. Learning outcomes 1. 5: The role of government in influencing the direction and effectiveness of the innovation process and the strategic development of technology in the context of trying to move to the environmentally sustainable use of energy. Block 4, page : Government energy options Block 4, page : Conclusions Block 4, page : key points of section 7 Block 4, pig 10 : key points of section 8 Block 4, piggy : key points of section 9 Learning outcome 1. 10: The role of diffusion and the part played by consumers in paving to a more sustainable approach to energy use. SAA 14: It is true that most innovations are the result of efforts by companies to develop products that will sell to consumers, with governments perhaps providing support for specific lines of development deemed strategically important. However, as has been argued in this block, the diffusion process can be greatly aided if consumers and users are involved in some way. Indeed, motivated consumers and users can sometimes create markets for new areas of innovation. Even when it comes to Just responding to innovations developed by others, the social and community context is important for diffusion. Certainly diffusion may be delayed or prevented if the community opposes the innovation – as was illustrated in the case of wind power. More positively, bottom-up initiatives from the grass-roots can sometimes throw up original ideas that can be diffused widely. Indeed, in some sectors this can be a major source of innovation in terms of new product development, as well as aiding Block 4, pig 23 Diffusion is the final stage of the innovation process, and is concerned with the take-up of new products by consumers. The rate of diffusion at any one time depends on how consumers react to new products. Some will adopt them quickly, most others will take their time, and a few will remain hesitant until there is no other option. In the conventional depictions of consumer responses to products, consumers are seen as passive – simply selecting from what is on offer. However, some consumers are becoming more selective and some are concerned about ethical, social and environmental issues and are adjusting their purchasing choices accordingly. A bottom-up grass-roots approach to innovation may offer some advantages over a top-down approach, by ensuring involvement of users in both reduce development and diffusion. A technology â€Å"push,† also known as top down transfer, is diffusion from higher levels of authority to lower levels. An example of â€Å"push† is Federal efforts at technology transfer through legislation, regulation, or policy. Entrepreneurs and other individuals or organizations whose objectives are to implement a technology typically â€Å"push† in order to do so. In marketing terms, the client is â€Å"sold† the technology. A transfer â€Å"pull† is Just the opposite, a bottom-up form of diffusion. The client demands the technology. The search for innovation moves up from the lower levels f an organization until it is accepted or addressed and resolved by higher authorities. Two systems exist for diffusion of innovation: centralized or decentralized. Decision making in centralized systems is concentrated at a high level, while decentralized systems feature wide sharing of power within the diffusion network. In centralized systems diffusion is vertical – from the top down, as innovations emerge from formal RD projects. Centralized systems favor technology push, where â€Å"needs† are defined at a high level. Innovations which cannot be easily modified, or re-invented, re best diffused using a centralized system. Decentralized systems use horizontal diffusion, as local experimentation is often the innovation source and use technology pull, where needs are defined locally. Innovations which lend themselves to modification are best diffused by a decentralized approach because such an approach allows local adaptation of innovations to reflect local needs. There are, as a general rule, two types of projects. Projects following top-down procedures where large projects are conceived and announced by the Ministry of Scientific Research and Information or Ministry of Environment. Those commissioned projects are rewarded with large amount of money. The second type of project concerns smaller ones and follows a bottom-up approach with three different types of grants: grants for public research (PRO or Universities), SEEM projects and projects supported by the EX. Framework programmer. Http://sustainabledevelopment. UN. Org/content/documents/Kandahar. PDF top down monitoring and audit process to ensure that the quality standards are strictly met and the Company policies and procedures are being properly followed Top-down Definition – A development or change initiated and managed from above by overspent or companies: the conventional approach macroeconomic measures Block 4, pig 82 governments can ensure the successful development and spread of strategically selected technologies. This will include a look at new technology development as well as at diffusion because the successful diffusion of new products frequently rests on how well those products have been developed. For example, the UK government’s 2003 innovation review identified environmental issues, and the need for improved, lower impact products and services, as a key driver for future innovation. The review suggested that some of the new developments would be specific environmental goods and services, such as technologies to minimize pollutants or promote resource efficiency, or renewable energy sources Block 4, pig 86 Nevertheless, in order to achieve its aim of increasing the contribution from renewable, the I-J government found it necessary to provide support to enable the newly emerging technologies to enter the marketplace. New technologies usually face a challenge in trying to get established in markets dominated by the existing range of products, and this was clearly a problem for renewable faced with the nominate fossil fuel and nuclear industries. So the government decided to provide extra support to stimulate diffusion, by adjusting the market. As noted earlier, this is sometimes called market ennoblement – enabling key new technologies to be taken up by the market. Block 4, pig 90 By contrast, the subsidy systems for wind projects in Germany, Denmark and elsewhere meant they could make use of locations with much lower wind speeds – indeed they often had little choice because, for example, Denmark is mostly flat and wind speeds there and in Germany are generally much lower than in the I-J. Block 4, pig 93 How to cite Bibliography paper, Papers

Symbol as an Integral Part of a Humans Life

Despite the fact that a man is a creature that possesses certain independence, people have always felt the need to socialize. The author of the article â€Å"Symbols. The basic Element of Culture† Leslie A. White has made an important contribution to psychology as a science, interpreting the nature and the meaning of a symbol in people’s lives. However, the article raises certain questions that still need consideration.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Symbol as an Integral Part of a Human’s Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leslie’s method to investigate the problem could be described as both the experimental one and the one involving certain theoretical work. Leslie both gathered the existing facts about the role of signs in people’s culture and gave the examples based on her own experience as a scientist. According to the article by Leslie A. White, symbols indicate that à ¢â‚¬Å"it was the symbol which transformed our anthropoid ancestors into men and made them human.† These are only people that have some to using symbols to express their ideas. However, the symbol is something more than a mere sign that can be interpreted only in one way. There is a certain distinction between them. According to Macionis and Clark (69), A symbol is anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by the members of the culture. A whistle, a wall of graffiti, a flashing red light and a fist raised in the air all serve as symbols. Thus, he claims that symbol is something that can be well understood by a certain group of people, while the people not belonging to this very social group would either take these symbols for something else or consider them meaningless. That is what makes a difference between a symbol and a sign which is always the same for the representatives of any culture.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The evidence that Leslie drives concerns her own experience and the examples that the psychology already has driven explaining the nature of symbol. These are the cases of people deprived of the ability to use symbols during the process of socializing and what it has driven them to. One of the characteristic features of a symbol given in Symbol. The Basic Element of Culture is that it is acquired as the â€Å"thing† the meaning of which is bestowed by those who use it. It is not something settled, and nor is it supposed to have one and the same impact on all people. L. White also emphasizes the fact that symbol is rather a notion than something that is to betaken as an object. It can be an object, a color, a sound or even an odor or a taste. In spite of the fact that author takes the symbols rather as a notion than as an object, some researchers take it even further, expanding the meaning of a symbol to the whole cult ure. Culture is symbolic. The significance of culture lies in the meaning people give to symbols or things or behaviour. The meaning is not inherent in the symbol but is bestowed by the cultural significance. (Andersen 56) Andersen drives an example of the American flag, which is basically a piece of cloth with the pattern on it, but for the people this is the symbol of democracy and freedom. So a symbol is something that people have to be taught. This is not the intuitional knowledge that can come with the experience, but a certain notion that has to be learned. As Lesley emphasizes, it is only a human being who can understand and interpret a symbol. A man and only a man can be taught to understand symbols and their meanings. Lesley drives an example of a child who has been deprived of both the ability to hear and see and the ability to have symbolic contacts with people. As the girl was examined by doctors, they found no human traits in her behavior at all. That means, that these are the symbolic contacts wit the others that make the basis of a human.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Symbol as an Integral Part of a Human’s Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This sad fact can be explained by the theory of a symbol. As Kendal has noticed, Culture could not exist without symbols because there would be no shred meanings among people. Symbols can simultaneously produce loyalty and animosity, and love and hate. They help us to communicate ideas such as love or patriotism because they express abstract concepts with visible objects. (50) The way symbols can change as they pass through the cultures is a subject for another research. For example, swastika that used to be the symbol of sun in the ancient times and bore the meaning of good luck, prosperity and wealth, was further on transformed into the symbol of fascism, which has changed people’s attitude to the sign once and for a ll. Macionis and Benokraitis (31) expressed the same idea. The symbol is something that is firmly connected to the culture, and the diversities that are presented in the different cultures can lead to the different understanding of signs. These are only people who can be taught to understand and use symbols. To sum up, the culture of a human presumes the use of symbols as the notions that may underlie a certain thing, or a person or a process, or an action. It is not the idea itself, but its roots, the way to express an idea. What Lesley is trying to convey in her article is that the modern culture is a bunch of symbols that have been developed into an ordered system. They are used in the daily conversation, as well as in the sphere of arts. Symbols can be found in the professional spheres, and the use of them presumes that this layer of society has already developed it into a specific culture of theirs. Symbols are constantly following us throughout our entire life. Our task is to decipher them and to receive the information they carry. They are used as containers for information, and the way they will develop will mark the development of the mankind itself.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Andersen, Margaret L., Howard F. Taylor. Sociology with Infotrack:  Understanding a Diverse Society, Casebound. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. 2007. Print. Kendal, Diana. Sociology in Our Times: The Essentials. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. 2008. Print. Macionis, John J. Nijole V. Benokraitis. Seeing Ourselves: Classic,  Contemporary and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology. 8th Ed. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. 2009. Print. Macionis, John J., Juanne Clark, Linda M. Gerber. Sociology. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada. 1994. Print. This essay on Symbol as an Integral Part of a Human’s Life was written and submitted by user AncientOne to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.